What does narrative mean?
-How meaning is constructed to achieve audience understanding
-A voice of the narrative can vary: whose story is being told and from whose perspective
-Narrative plot refers to everything audibly or visibly present i.e. selective
-Narrative story refers to all the events, explicitly presented and inferred
-Organises time and space in very compresses form
-Constructed through camerawork, lighting, mise-en-scene
-Groups events into cause and effect- action and event.
-Narrative reflects ideologies. Ideologies is a set of ideas, values and beliefs that are often taken for granted and go unchallenged. Dominant ideology is the general set of values and beliefs widely held throughout society and may be seen as helping to sustain particular power relations in that society.
"Narrative is a way of organising space and time into a cause an effect chain of events with a beginning, middle and end that embodies a judgement about the nature of events." (Edward Brannigan)
"The world 'comes to us' in the shape of stories... (which) provide us with and easy, unconscious and involving way of constructing our social experience." (Graeme Turner)
Barthes had the idea of the five action codes, these were...
-Hermeneutic code: an element of the story not explained, unanswered questions that make us think
-Proairetic code: builds up tension- an indication something is going to happen- the reader/viewer starts to guess
-Semantic code: connotations, extended meaning
-Symbolic code: symbolism
-Cultural codes: things we believe in our culture
Barthes also had the idea of the enigma codes. Enigma codes means images/sequences which control how much we know in the story, engaging and holding audience interest. They present puzzles which demand to be solved.
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